Back Pain
The Basics
of Osteoarthritis
Arthritis is a general term that means inflammation in joints.
Osteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease, is the
most common type of arthritis. It is associated with a breakdown
of cartilage in joints and can occur in almost any joint in
the body. It most commonly occurs in the weight bearing joints
of the hips, knees, and spine. It can also affect the fingers,
thumb, neck, and large toe. It usually does not affect other
joints unless previous injury or excessive stress is involved.
Cartilage
is a firm, rubbery material that covers the ends of bones in
normal joints. Its main function is to reduce friction in the
joints and serve as a "shock absorber." The shock-absorbing
quality of normal cartilage comes from its ability to change
shape when compressed (flattened or pressed together).
Osteoarthritis
causes the cartilage in a joint to become stiff and lose its
elasticity, making it more susceptible to damage. Over time,
the cartilage may wear away in some areas, greatly decreasing
its ability to act as a shock absorber. As the cartilage deteriorates,
tendons and ligaments stretch, causing pain. If the condition
worsens, the bones could rub against each other.
Osteoarthritis
affects nearly 21 million Americans. The chance of developing
the disease increases with age. Most people over age 60 have
osteoarthritis to some degree, but its severity varies. Even
people in their 20s and 30s can get osteoarthritis. In people
over 50, more women than men get osteoarthritis.
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What Are
the Symptoms of Osteoarthritis?
Symptoms of osteoarthritis most often develop gradually and
include:
Joint
aching and soreness, especially with movement.
Pain after overuse or after long periods of inactivity.
Bony enlargements in the middle and end joints of the fingers
(which may or may not be painful).
Joint swelling and joint fluid accumulation.
What Causes Osteoarthritis?
There are several factors that increase a person's chances of
developing osteoarthritis. These include:
Heredity
Some people have an inherited defect in one of the genes responsible
for making cartilage. This causes defective cartilage, which
leads to more rapid deterioration of joints. People born with
joint abnormalities are more likely to develop osteoarthritis,
and those born with an abnormality of the spine (such as scoliosis
or curvature of the spine) are more likely to develop osteoarthritis
of the spine.
Obesity
Obesity
increases the risk for osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. Maintaining
ideal weight or losing excess weight may help prevent osteoarthritis
of the knee and hip or decrease the rate of progression once
osteoarthritis is established.
Injury
Injuries
contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. For example,
athletes who have knee-related injuries may be at higher risk
of developing osteoarthritis of the knee. In addition, people
who have had a severe back injury may be predisposed to develop
osteoarthritis of the spine. People who have had a broken bone
near a joint are prone to develop osteoarthritis in that joint.
Joint Overuse
Overuse
of certain joints increases the risk of developing osteoarthritis.
For example, people in jobs requiring repeated bending of the
knee are at increased risk for developing osteoarthritis of
the knee.
Spinal Stenosis
Spinal stenosis is the narrowing of spaces in the spine (backbone)
which causes pressure on the spinal cord and/or nerves. About
75% of cases of spinal stenosis occur in the low back (lumbar
spine). In most cases, the narrowing of the spine associated
with stenosis compresses the nerve root, which can cause
pain along the back of the leg.
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